US Air Forces in Europe activates 3rd Air Force again at Ramstein AB, Germany, and redesignates 16th Air Force as 16th Air Expeditionary Task Force, with headquarters at Izmir, Turkey. The Air Force had inactivated 3rd AF in November 2005.
The U.S. began extensive air and artillery strikes against Islamic State group targets in Syria on Dec. 19 in retaliation for the killing of three Americans on Dec. 13 by a gunman affiliated with ISIS, U.S. officials said.

