With 
Arctic sea lanes becoming increasingly navigable to commercial and military traffic alike, US and Canadian cooperation through NORAD is growing in importance, said Canada’s Chief of Air Staff Lt. Gen. André Deschamps. “Awareness of sovereignty in the Arctic is certainly high in our government and they have great faith in NORAD,” he told the Daily Report in an interview. Established between the US and Canada in 1958, NORAD remains “the primary tool for that bi-national defense,” said Deschamps. He continued, “As we see things trending right now, I see that growing and not diminishing.” For example, he highlighted the recent addition of “maritime awareness,” to NORAD’s continuing mandate. “The next horizon for NORAD,” he said, “is to look at DEW line replacement in the next decade,” given that today’s Distant Early Warning network of radars—now dubbed the North Warning System—dates to the 1980s. “There are different options,” including any combination of satellites and high-altitude aerostats, combined with the current ground-based radar chain, explained Deschamps. He warned that although the notional timeline for fielding the replacement may “seem like a far horizon, . . . for this kind of change in technology, it’s almost tomorrow.”
While the Space Force is still making long-term plans to establish high-fidelity live and virtual test and training ranges in the coming years, officials say they're also working with operators to identify near-term gaps and quickly field capabilities to address them.
