The leaders of the Space Force foresee the service continuing to become more “lethal” in 2022, inventing new tactical scenarios in its third year while maturing its organizational charts and carving out roles for outside entities.
“I hope I am able to say that in Year 3, you’ll see us really putting our tires on the track and just really moving out and delivering the things that we’ve been thinking about and working on and designing,” said Space Force Lt. Gen. Nina M. Armagno.
The Space Force’s director of staff, Armagno summed up the service’s first two years and looked ahead to 2022 in a Potomac Officers Club webinar in December.
Maturing Organizations
Having now established all three of its field commands, the Space Force still needs to finalize where to base the headquarters, which is for Space Training and Readiness Command, temporarily at Peterson Space Force Base, Colo.
The Space Force will double the size of its Pentagon headquarters staff, expecting to add 300 people in 2022, said Armagno.
People and satellites from the Space Force’s sister services will transfer to the new service in 2022. This second batch of transfers will include 670 Marines, Sailors, and Soldiers. They, and 259 civilians also transferring, will have a new orientation class to help bridge cultures. The Space Force also plans to add another 521 new enlisted Guardians and about 70 officers in 2022.
The Space Development Agency will move out of the Office of the Secretary of Defense and into the Space Force. It will take along its plan for a multilayered, multifunctional constellation of relatively low-cost satellites made of readily available parts.
“I call it ‘cracking commercial’—hacking commercial,” Armagno said, referring to SDA’s role. That means figuring out how companies in the private sector “move so quickly— to capitalize on some of their innovation and inventiveness and bring it into the hands of operational warfighters sooner.”
Into the Fold
Partnerships now formalized with 11 universities will get off the ground in 2022. Selected in part for having Air Force ROTC detachments, the 11 also feature aerospace research programs.
On a visit to the University of Colorado Boulder, Vice Chief of Space Operations Gen. David D. Thompson said the Space Force’s training and education needs are “very, very focused and very, very high tech.”
To “operate successfully in an incredibly complex physical and technical domain,” Thompson said, Space Force leaders realized the service needed to adapt.
Armagno, who attended the partnership signing at Georgia Tech, said the program is meant to benefit the Space Force on multiple levels: “world-class research, advanced education, and leadership development.”
In terms of working with companies in the private sector, Armagno cited a successful business fair by the new Space Warfighting Analysis Center as “a recipe for success, and we’re going to repeat it.” The new center brought in companies for briefings “so that industries understood exactly what we need and why we need it.”
As evidence of growing collaboration with other countries’ militaries, Armagno offered the example of Chief of Space Operations Gen. John W. “Jay” Raymond’s “chiefs’ summit.” The summit hosted chiefs from 12 partner nations in 2020 and will grow to 22 in 2022.
Space Force’s “partnering arrangements” have delivered cost savings, plus “opportunities to grow our relationships with the international community,” Armagno said. “For example, Norway is hosting a Space Force payload on one of its satellite launches, and it’s providing Arctic communications two years sooner than we could do it.”
Fighting Comes Into Focus
Only a few years ago, talking about “fighting in space” was taboo: “I can remember when ‘space superiority,’ ‘offensive and defensive operations in space,’ ‘warfighting in space’—you couldn’t even use these words, said retired Air Force Gen. Kevin P. Chilton, a former astronaut and commander of Air Force Space Command and U.S. Strategic Command. “It was against policy to talk about these things.”
Now the Mitchell Institute’s Explorer Chair for Space Warfighting Studies, Chilton talked about the military’s changing mindset with Space Force Lt. Gen. B. Chance Saltzman in a conversation rounding up some of the service’s accomplishments.
Saltzman suggested that provocative activities such as Russia’s debris-generating anti-satellite test in November are “a natural consequence of military behaviors.”
“When you are behind, you look for ways to seek vulnerabilities of your adversary and your competitor so that you can regain the strategic advantage, and we’re seeing that play out,” Saltzman said.
To be ready in the event that “a very bad day happens in space and the country needs to recover,” Armagno said the Space Force practiced a “groundbreaking event” in June 2021—the service’s first “tactical responsive launch mission.” Space Systems Command, another of the three field commands, compressed what Armagno described as “the normal multi-month preparation timeline” for a launch “to just under three weeks.”
The exercise “demonstrated a possible rapid reconstitution capability for the nation,” Armagno said.
Armagno predicted that the service will publicly unveil a new force design for missile warning and missile tracking in 2022, “and we’ll continue to evaluate force designs for other missions.”
To help the Space Force prevent “bad actors” from causing more havoc in space, Armagno said globally accepted norms of behavior are the first step.
“From a military perspective, what’s important about norms of behavior is that we’re going to be able to tell who’s not following them,” Armagno said.