US Joint Forces Command has just concluded the first phase of Urban Resolve 2015—a three-phase experiment designed to simulate an urban battlespace in the year 2015. Air Force Col. Terry Kono with JFCOM says that the two-week first phase provided an opportunity to “really make the federation of models and [simulations] work. … It’s a focused environment, refined for the experiment.” The “environment” finds a US-led coalition confronting an adversary equipped with modern capabilities and operating in an urban setting. Phase 1 centered on exploiting human-intelligence collection methods and intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance assets. Phase 2 runs in mid-September, followed by Phase 3 in late October.
The U.S. began extensive air and artillery strikes against Islamic State group targets in Syria on Dec. 19 in retaliation for the killing of three Americans on Dec. 13 by a gunman affiliated with ISIS, U.S. officials said.

