Air Force Leaders Through the Years
USAF & USSF Almanac 2026 · Pages 82–89
| Designation / Title | Commander | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aeronautical Division, US Signal Corps · Aug. 1, 1907 – July 18, 1914 | |||
| Chief, Aeronautical Division | Capt. Charles deForest Chandler | Aug. 1, 1907 | June 30, 1910 |
| Capt. Arthur S. Cowan | July 1, 1910 | June 19, 1911 | |
| Capt. Charles deForest Chandler | June 20, 1911 | Sept. 9, 1913 | |
| Maj. Samuel Reber | Sept. 10, 1913 | July 17, 1914 | |
| Aviation Section, US Signal Corps · July 18, 1914 – May 20, 1918 | |||
| Chief, Aviation Section | Lt. Col. Samuel Reber | July 18, 1914 | May 5, 1916 |
| Lt. Col. George O. Squier | May 20, 1916 | Feb. 19, 1917 | |
| Lt. Col. John B. Bennet | Feb. 19, 1917 | June 30, 1917 | |
| Maj. Benjamin D. Foulois | June 30, 1917 | Nov. 12, 1917 | |
| Brig. Gen. Arthur I. Dade | Nov. 12, 1917 | Feb. 27, 1918 | |
| Col. Lawrence Brown | Feb. 27, 1918 | May 20, 1918 | |
| Division of Military Aeronautics, Secretary of War · May 20, 1918 – May 24, 1918 | |||
| Director of Military Aeronautics | Maj. Gen. William L. Kenly | May 20, 1918 | August 1918 |
| Air Service · May 24, 1918 – July 2, 1926 | |||
| Director of Air Service | John D. Ryan | Aug. 28, 1918 | Nov. 27, 1918 |
| Maj. Gen. Charles T. Menoher | Jan. 2, 1919 | June 4, 1920 | |
| Chief of Air Service | Maj. Gen. Charles T. Menoher | June 4, 1920 | Oct. 4, 1921 |
| Maj. Gen. Mason M. Patrick | Oct. 5, 1921 | July 2, 1926 | |
| Air Corps · July 2, 1926 – Sept. 18, 1947 | |||
| Chief of Air Corps | Maj. Gen. Mason M. Patrick | July 2, 1926 | Dec. 13, 1927 |
| Maj. Gen. James E. Fechet | Dec. 14, 1927 | Dec. 19, 1931 | |
| Maj. Gen. Benjamin D. Foulois | Dec. 20, 1931 | Dec. 21, 1935 | |
| Maj. Gen. Oscar Westover | Dec. 22, 1935 | Sept. 21, 1938 | |
| Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold | Sept. 29, 1938 | June 20, 1941 | |
| Army Air Forces (AAF) · June 20, 1941 – Sept. 18, 1947 | |||
| Chief, Army Air Forces | Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold | June 20, 1941 | March 9, 1942 |
| Commanding General, AAF | Gen. of the Army Henry H. Arnold | March 9, 1942 | Feb. 9, 1946 |
| Gen. Carl A. Spaatz | Feb. 9, 1946 | Sept. 26, 1947 | |
| Name | From | To | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuart Symington | Sept. 18, 1947 | April 24, 1950 | |
| Thomas K. Finletter | April 24, 1950 | Jan. 20, 1953 | |
| Harold E. Talbott | Feb. 4, 1953 | Aug. 13, 1955 | |
| Donald A. Quarles | Aug. 15, 1955 | April 30, 1957 | |
| James H. Douglas Jr. | May 1, 1957 | Dec. 10, 1959 | |
| Dudley C. Sharp | Dec. 11, 1959 | Jan. 20, 1961 | |
| Eugene M. Zuckert | Jan. 23, 1961 | Sept. 30, 1965 | |
| Harold Brown | Oct. 1, 1965 | Feb. 14, 1969 | |
| Robert C. Seamans Jr. | Feb. 15, 1969 | May 14, 1973 | |
| John L. McLucas* | May 15, 1973 | Nov. 23, 1975 | *Acting until July 18, 1973 |
| James W. Plummer (acting) | Nov. 23, 1975 | Jan. 2, 1976 | |
| Thomas C. Reed | Jan. 2, 1976 | April 6, 1977 | |
| John C. Stetson | April 6, 1977 | May 18, 1979 | |
| Hans M. Mark* | May 18, 1979 | Feb. 9, 1981 | *Acting until July 26, 1979 |
| Verne Orr | Feb. 9, 1981 | Nov. 30, 1985 | |
| Russell A. Rourke | Dec. 6, 1985 | April 7, 1986 | |
| Edward C. Aldridge Jr.* | April 8, 1986 | Dec. 16, 1988 | *Acting until June 9, 1986 |
| James F. McGovern (acting) | Dec. 16, 1988 | April 29, 1989 | |
| John J. Welch Jr. (acting) | April 29, 1989 | May 21, 1989 | |
| Donald B. Rice | May 22, 1989 | Jan. 20, 1993 | |
| Michael B. Donley (acting) | Jan. 20, 1993 | July 13, 1993 | |
| Gen. Merrill A. McPeak (acting) | July 14, 1993 | Aug. 5, 1993 | |
| Sheila E. Widnall | Aug. 6, 1993 | Oct. 31, 1997 | |
| F. Whitten Peters* | Nov. 1, 1997 | Jan. 20, 2001 | *Acting until July 30, 1999 |
| Lawrence J. Delaney (acting) | Jan. 20, 2001 | June 1, 2001 | |
| James G. Roche | June 1, 2001 | Jan. 20, 2005 | |
| Peter B. Teets (acting) | Jan. 20, 2005 | March 25, 2005 | |
| Michael L. Dominguez (acting) | March 25, 2005 | July 29, 2005 | |
| Preston M. Geren (acting) | July 29, 2005 | Nov. 3, 2005 | |
| Michael W. Wynne | Nov. 3, 2005 | June 20, 2008 | |
| Michael B. Donley* | June 21, 2008 | June 21, 2013 | *Acting until Oct. 17, 2008 |
| Eric K. Fanning (acting) | June 21, 2013 | Dec. 20, 2013 | |
| Deborah Lee James | Dec. 20, 2013 | Jan. 19, 2017 | |
| Lisa S. Disbrow (acting) | Jan. 20, 2017 | May 16, 2017 | |
| Heather A. Wilson | May 16, 2017 | May 31, 2019 | |
| Matthew P. Donovan (acting) | June 1, 2019 | Oct. 16, 2019 | |
| Barbara M. Barrett | Oct. 16, 2019 | Jan. 20, 2021 | |
| John P. Roth (acting) | Jan. 20, 2021 | July 28, 2021 | |
| Frank Kendall III | July 28, 2021 | Jan. 20, 2025 | |
| Gary A. Ashworth (acting) | Jan. 20, 2025 | May 13, 2025 | |
| Troy E. Meink | May 16, 2025 | — |
*Served as acting Secretary: McLucas until July 18, 1973; Mark until July 26, 1979; Aldridge until June 9, 1986; Peters until July 30, 1999; Donley until Oct. 17, 2008.
| # | Name | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gen. Carl A. Spaatz | Sept. 26, 1947 | April 29, 1948 |
| 2 | Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg | April 30, 1948 | June 29, 1953 |
| 3 | Gen. Nathan F. Twining | June 30, 1953 | June 30, 1957 |
| 4 | Gen. Thomas D. White | July 1, 1957 | June 30, 1961 |
| 5 | Gen. Curtis E. LeMay | June 30, 1961 | Jan. 31, 1965 |
| 6 | Gen. John P. McConnell | Feb. 1, 1965 | July 31, 1969 |
| 7 | Gen. John D. Ryan | Aug. 1, 1969 | July 31, 1973 |
| 8 | Gen. George S. Brown | Aug. 1, 1973 | June 30, 1974 |
| 9 | Gen. David C. Jones | July 1, 1974 | June 20, 1978 |
| 10 | Gen. Lew Allen Jr. | July 1, 1978 | June 30, 1982 |
| 11 | Gen. Charles A. Gabriel | July 1, 1982 | June 30, 1986 |
| 12 | Gen. Larry D. Welch | July 1, 1986 | June 30, 1990 |
| 13 | Gen. Michael J. Dugan | July 1, 1990 | Sept. 17, 1990 |
| Gen. John Michael Loh (acting) | Sept. 18, 1990 | Oct. 27, 1990 | |
| 14 | Gen. Merrill A. McPeak | Oct. 27, 1990 | Oct. 25, 1994 |
| 15 | Gen. Ronald R. Fogleman | Oct. 25, 1994 | Sept. 1, 1997 |
| Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart (acting) | Sept. 1, 1997 | Oct. 6, 1997 | |
| 16 | Gen. Michael E. Ryan | Oct. 6, 1997 | Sept. 6, 2001 |
| 17 | Gen. John P. Jumper | Sept. 6, 2001 | Sept. 2, 2005 |
| 18 | Gen. T. Michael Moseley | Sept. 2, 2005 | July 12, 2008 |
| Gen. Duncan J. McNabb (acting) | July 12, 2008 | Aug. 12, 2008 | |
| 19 | Gen. Norton A. Schwartz | Aug. 12, 2008 | Aug. 10, 2012 |
| 20 | Gen. Mark A. Welsh III | Aug. 10, 2012 | July 1, 2016 |
| 21 | Gen. David L. Goldfein | July 1, 2016 | Aug. 6, 2020 |
| 22 | Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr. | Aug. 6, 2020 | Sept. 29, 2023 |
| 23 | Gen. David W. Allvin | Nov. 2, 2023 | Nov. 3, 2025 |
| 24 | Gen. Kenneth S. Wilsbach | Nov. 3, 2025 | — |
| Name | From | To |
|---|---|---|
| Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg | Oct. 10, 1947 | April 28, 1948 |
| Gen. Muir S. Fairchild | May 27, 1948 | March 17, 1950 |
| Lt. Gen. Lauris Norstad (acting) | May 22, 1950 | Oct. 9, 1950 |
| Gen. Nathan F. Twining | Oct. 10, 1950 | June 29, 1953 |
| Gen. Thomas D. White | June 30, 1953 | June 30, 1957 |
| Gen. Curtis E. LeMay | July 1, 1957 | June 30, 1961 |
| Gen. Frederic H. Smith Jr. | July 1, 1961 | June 30, 1962 |
| Gen. William F. McKee | July 1, 1962 | July 31, 1964 |
| Gen. John P. McConnell | Aug. 1, 1964 | Jan. 31, 1965 |
| Gen. William H. Blanchard | Feb. 19, 1965 | May 31, 1966 |
| Lt. Gen. Hewitt T. Wheless (acting) | June 13, 1966 | July 31, 1966 |
| Gen. Bruce K. Holloway | Aug. 1, 1966 | July 31, 1968 |
| Gen. John D. Ryan | Aug. 1, 1968 | July 31, 1969 |
| Gen. John C. Meyer | Aug. 1, 1969 | April 30, 1972 |
| Gen. Horace M. Wade | May 1, 1972 | Oct. 31, 1973 |
| Gen. Richard H. Ellis | Nov. 1, 1973 | Aug. 18, 1975 |
| Gen. William V. McBride | Sept. 1, 1975 | March 31, 1978 |
| Gen. Lew Allen Jr. | April 1, 1978 | June 30, 1978 |
| Gen. James A. Hill | July 1, 1978 | Feb. 29, 1980 |
| Gen. Robert C. Mathis | March 1, 1980 | May 31, 1982 |
| Gen. Jerome F. O’Malley | June 1, 1982 | Oct. 5, 1983 |
| Gen. Lawrence A. Skantze | Oct. 6, 1983 | July 31, 1984 |
| Gen. Larry D. Welch | Aug. 1, 1984 | July 31, 1985 |
| Gen. John L. Piotrowski | Aug. 1, 1985 | Jan. 31, 1987 |
| Gen. Monroe W. Hatch Jr. | Feb. 1, 1987 | May 24, 1990 |
| Gen. John Michael Loh | May 25, 1990 | March 25, 1991 |
| Gen. Michael P. C. Carns | May 16, 1991 | July 28, 1994 |
| Gen. Thomas S. Moorman Jr. | July 29, 1994 | July 11, 1997 |
| Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart | July 11, 1997 | May 26, 1999 |
| Gen. Lester L. Lyles | May 27, 1999 | April 17, 2000 |
| Gen. John W. Handy | April 17, 2000 | Nov. 5, 2001 |
| Gen. Robert H. Foglesong | Nov. 5, 2001 | Aug. 11, 2003 |
| Gen. T. Michael Moseley | Aug. 12, 2003 | Sept. 2, 2005 |
| Gen. John D. W. Corley | Sept. 2, 2005 | Sept. 17, 2007 |
| Gen. Duncan J. McNabb | Sept. 17, 2007 | Sept. 4, 2008 |
| Gen. William M. Fraser III | Oct. 8, 2008 | Aug. 27, 2009 |
| Gen. Carrol H. Chandler | Aug. 27, 2009 | Jan. 14, 2011 |
| Gen. Philip M. Breedlove | Jan. 14, 2011 | July 27, 2012 |
| Gen. Larry O. Spencer | July 27, 2012 | Aug. 6, 2015 |
| Gen. David L. Goldfein | Aug. 6, 2015 | July 1, 2016 |
| Gen. Stephen W. Wilson | July 22, 2016 | Nov. 16, 2020 |
| Gen. David W. Allvin | Nov. 16, 2020 | Nov. 2, 2023 |
| Gen. James C. Slife | Dec. 19, 2023 | Feb. 21, 2025 |
| Lt. Gen. Scott L. Pleus (acting) | Feb. 21, 2025 | Feb. 2, 2026 |
| Gen. John D. Lamontagne | Feb. 2, 2026 | — |
| # | Name | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CMSAF Paul W. Airey | April 3, 1967 | July 31, 1969 |
| 2 | CMSAF Donald L. Harlow | Aug. 1, 1969 | Sept. 30, 1971 |
| 3 | CMSAF Richard D. Kisling | Oct. 1, 1971 | Sept. 30, 1973 |
| 4 | CMSAF Thomas N. Barnes | Oct. 1, 1973 | July 31, 1977 |
| 5 | CMSAF Robert D. Gaylor | Aug. 1, 1977 | July 31, 1979 |
| 6 | CMSAF James M. McCoy | Aug. 1, 1979 | July 31, 1981 |
| 7 | CMSAF Arthur L. Andrews | Aug. 1, 1981 | July 31, 1983 |
| 8 | CMSAF Sam E. Parish | Aug. 1, 1983 | June 30, 1986 |
| 9 | CMSAF James C. Binnicker | July 1, 1986 | July 31, 1990 |
| 10 | CMSAF Gary R. Pfingston | Aug. 1, 1990 | Oct. 25, 1994 |
| 11 | CMSAF David J. Campanale | Oct. 26, 1994 | Nov. 4, 1996 |
| 12 | CMSAF Eric W. Benken | Nov. 5, 1996 | July 30, 1999 |
| 13 | CMSAF Frederick J. Finch | July 30, 1999 | July 1, 2002 |
| 14 | CMSAF Gerald R. Murray | July 1, 2002 | June 30, 2006 |
| 15 | CMSAF Rodney J. McKinley | June 30, 2006 | June 30, 2009 |
| 16 | CMSAF James A. Roy | June 30, 2009 | Jan. 24, 2013 |
| 17 | CMSAF James A. Cody | Jan. 24, 2013 | Feb. 17, 2017 |
| 18 | CMSAF Kaleth O. Wright | Feb. 17, 2017 | Aug. 14, 2020 |
| 19 | CMSAF JoAnne S. Bass | Aug. 14, 2020 | March 8, 2024 |
| 20 | CMSAF David A. Flosi | March 8, 2024 | Dec. 8, 2025 |
| 21 | CMSAF David R. Wolfe | Dec. 8, 2025 | — |
This section presents the leaders of USAF's Major Commands and the Air National Guard (ANG) under a command's current designation. Scan QR code for list of Leaders of historic Air Force Major Commands (and of active commands' previous designations).
| Command | Commander | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air Combat Command | |||
| ACC | Gen. John Michael Loh | June 1, 1992 | June 23, 1995 |
| ACC | Gen. Joseph W. Ralston | June 23, 1995 | Feb. 28, 1996 |
| ACC | Lt. Gen. Brett M. Dula (acting) | Feb. 28, 1996 | April 5, 1996 |
| ACC | Gen. Richard E. Hawley | April 5, 1996 | June 11, 1999 |
| ACC | Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart | June 11, 1999 | Feb. 8, 2000 |
| ACC | Gen. John P. Jumper | Feb. 8, 2000 | Aug. 25, 2001 |
| ACC | Lt. Gen. Donald G. Cook (acting) | Aug. 25, 2001 | Nov. 14, 2001 |
| ACC | Gen. Hal M. Hornburg | Nov. 14, 2001 | Nov. 17, 2004 |
| ACC | Lt. Gen. Bruce A. Wright (acting) | Nov. 17, 2004 | Feb. 3, 2005 |
| ACC | Lt. Gen. William Fraser III (acting) | Feb. 3, 2005 | May 27, 2005 |
| ACC | Gen. Ronald E. Keys | May 27, 2005 | Oct. 2, 2007 |
| ACC | Gen. John D. W. Corley | Oct. 2, 2007 | Sept. 10, 2009 |
| ACC | Gen. William M. Fraser III | Sept. 10, 2009 | Sept. 13, 2011 |
| ACC | Gen. Gilmary Michael Hostage III | Sept. 13, 2011 | Nov. 4, 2014 |
| ACC | Gen. Herbert J. Carlisle | Nov. 4, 2014 | March 10, 2017 |
| ACC | Gen. James M. Holmes | March 10, 2017 | Aug. 28, 2020 |
| ACC | Gen. Mark D. Kelly | Aug. 28, 2020 | Feb. 29, 2024 |
| ACC | Gen. Kenneth S. Wilsbach | Feb. 29, 2024 | Aug. 11, 2025 |
| ACC | Gen. Adrian L. Spain | Aug. 11, 2025 | — |
| Air Education and Training Command | |||
| AETC | Gen. Henry Viccellio Jr. | July 1, 1993 | June 20, 1995 |
| AETC | Gen. Billy J. Boles | June 20, 1995 | March 17, 1997 |
| AETC | Gen. Lloyd W. Newton | March 17, 1997 | June 22, 2000 |
| AETC | Gen. Hal M. Hornburg | June 22, 2000 | Nov. 10, 2001 |
| AETC | Lt. Gen. John D. Hopper Jr. (acting) | Nov. 10, 2001 | Dec. 15, 2001 |
| AETC | Gen. Donald G. Cook | Dec. 15, 2001 | June 17, 2005 |
| AETC | Gen. William R. Looney III | June 17, 2005 | July 2, 2008 |
| AETC | Gen. Stephen R. Lorenz | July 2, 2008 | Nov. 17, 2010 |
| AETC | Gen. Edward A. Rice Jr. | Nov. 17, 2010 | Oct. 10, 2013 |
| AETC | Gen. Robin Rand | Oct. 10, 2013 | July 21, 2015 |
| AETC | Lt. Gen. Darryl L. Roberson | July 21, 2015 | Nov. 16, 2017 |
| AETC | Lt. Gen. Steven L. Kwast | Nov. 16, 2017 | July 26, 2019 |
| AETC | Lt. Gen. Marshall B. Webb | July 26, 2019 | May 20, 2022 |
| AETC | Lt. Gen. Brian S. Robinson | May 20, 2022 | Oct. 31, 2025 |
| AETC | Lt. Gen. Clark J. Quinn | Oct. 31, 2025 | — |
| Air Force Global Strike Command | |||
| AFGSC | Lt. Gen. Frank G. Klotz | Aug. 7, 2009 | Jan. 6, 2011 |
| AFGSC | Lt. Gen. James M. Kowalski | Jan. 6, 2011 | Oct. 23, 2013 |
| AFGSC | Lt. Gen. Stephen W. Wilson | Oct. 23, 2013 | July 28, 2015 |
| AFGSC | Gen. Robin Rand | July 28, 2015 | Aug. 21, 2018 |
| AFGSC | Gen. Timothy M. Ray | Aug. 21, 2018 | Aug. 27, 2021 |
| AFGSC | Gen. Anthony J. Cotton | Aug. 27, 2021 | Dec. 7, 2022 |
| AFGSC | Gen. Thomas A. Bussiere | Dec. 7, 2022 | Nov. 4, 2025 |
| AFGSC | Gen. Stephen L. Davis | Nov. 4, 2025 | — |
| Air Force Materiel Command | |||
| AFMC | Gen. Ronald W. Yates | July 1, 1992 | June 30, 1995 |
| AFMC | Gen. Henry Viccellio Jr. | June 30, 1995 | May 9, 1997 |
| AFMC | Lt. Gen. Kenneth Eickmann (acting) | May 9, 1997 | May 29, 1997 |
| AFMC | Gen. George T. Babbitt Jr. | May 29, 1997 | April 20, 2000 |
| AFMC | Gen. Lester L. Lyles | April 20, 2000 | Aug. 22, 2003 |
| AFMC | Gen. Gregory S. Martin | Aug. 22, 2003 | Aug. 19, 2005 |
| AFMC | Gen. Bruce Carlson | Aug. 19, 2005 | Nov. 21, 2008 |
| AFMC | Gen. Donald J. Hoffman | Nov. 21, 2008 | June 5, 2012 |
| AFMC | Gen. Janet C. Wolfenbarger | June 5, 2012 | June 8, 2015 |
| AFMC | Gen. Ellen M. Pawlikowski | June 8, 2015 | Sept. 1, 2018 |
| AFMC | Lt. Gen. Robert D. McMurry Jr. (interim) | Sept. 1, 2018 | May 31, 2019 |
| AFMC | Gen. Arnold W. Bunch Jr. | May 31, 2019 | June 13, 2022 |
| AFMC | Gen. Duke Z. Richardson | June 13, 2022 | July 3, 2025 |
| AFMC | *Lt. Gen. Linda S. Hurry | Jan. 30, 2026 | — |
| *Lt. Gen. Linda Hurry was acting commander from July 3, 2025, to Jan. 30, 2026. | |||
| Air Force Reserve Command | |||
| AFRC | Maj. Gen. Robert A. McIntosh | Feb. 17, 1997 | June 9, 1998 |
| AFRC | Maj. Gen. David R. Smith (acting) | June 9, 1998 | Sept. 25, 1998 |
| AFRC | Lt. Gen. James E. Sherrard III | Sept. 25, 1998 | June 1, 2004 |
| AFRC | Maj. Gen. J. J. Batbie Jr. (acting) | June 1, 2004 | June 24, 2004 |
| AFRC | Lt. Gen. John A. Bradley | June 24, 2004 | June 24, 2008 |
| AFRC | Lt. Gen. Charles E. Stenner Jr. | June 24, 2008 | July 30, 2012 |
| AFRC | Lt. Gen. James F. Jackson | July 30, 2012 | July 15, 2016 |
| AFRC | Lt. Gen. Maryanne Miller | July 15, 2016 | Sept. 7, 2018 |
| AFRC | Lt. Gen. Richard W. Scobee | Sept. 7, 2018 | Aug. 3, 2022 |
| AFRC | Lt. Gen. John P. Healy | Aug. 3, 2022 | — |
| Air Force Special Operations Command | |||
| AFSOC | Maj. Gen. Thomas E. Eggers | May 22, 1990 | June 30, 1991 |
| AFSOC | Maj. Gen. Bruce L. Fister | June 30, 1991 | July 22, 1994 |
| AFSOC | Maj. Gen. James L. Hobson Jr. | July 22, 1994 | July 9, 1997 |
| AFSOC | Maj. Gen. Charles R. Holland | July 9, 1997 | Aug. 5, 1999 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. Maxwell C. Bailey | Aug. 5, 1999 | Jan. 16, 2002 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. Paul V. Hester | Jan. 16, 2002 | July 1, 2004 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. Michael W. Wooley | July 1, 2004 | Nov. 27, 2007 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. Donald C. Wurster | Nov. 27, 2007 | June 24, 2011 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. Eric E. Fiel | June 24, 2011 | July 3, 2014 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. Bradley A. Heithold | July 3, 2014 | July 19, 2016 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. Marshall B. Webb | July 19, 2016 | May 31, 2019 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. James C. Slife | June 1, 2019 | Dec. 9, 2022 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. Tony D. Bauernfeind | Dec. 9, 2022 | July 2, 2024 |
| AFSOC | Lt. Gen. Michael E. Conley | July 2, 2024 | — |
| Air Mobility Command | |||
| AMC | Gen. Hansford T. Johnson | June 1, 1992 | Aug. 25, 1992 |
| AMC | Gen. Ronald R. Fogleman | Aug. 25, 1992 | Oct. 18, 1994 |
| AMC | Gen. Robert L. Rutherford | Oct. 18, 1994 | July 15, 1996 |
| AMC | Gen. Walter Kross | July 15, 1996 | Aug. 3, 1998 |
| AMC | Gen. Charles T. Robertson Jr. | Aug. 3, 1998 | Nov. 5, 2001 |
| AMC | Gen. John W. Handy | Nov. 5, 2001 | Sept. 7, 2005 |
| AMC | Lt. Gen. Christopher Kelly (acting) | Sept. 7, 2005 | Oct. 14, 2005 |
| AMC | Gen. Duncan J. McNabb | Oct. 14, 2005 | Sept. 7, 2007 |
| AMC | Gen. Arthur J. Lichte | Sept. 7, 2007 | Nov. 20, 2009 |
| AMC | Gen. Raymond E. Johns Jr. | Nov. 20, 2009 | Nov. 30, 2012 |
| AMC | Gen. Paul J. Selva | Nov. 30, 2012 | May 5, 2014 |
| AMC | Gen. Darren W. McDew | May 5, 2014 | Aug. 11, 2015 |
| AMC | Gen. Carlton D. Everhart II | Aug. 11, 2015 | Sept. 7, 2018 |
| AMC | Gen. Maryanne Miller | Sept. 7, 2018 | Aug. 20, 2020 |
| AMC | Gen. Jacqueline D. Van Ovost | Aug. 20, 2020 | Oct. 5, 2021 |
| AMC | Gen. Michael A. Minihan | Oct. 5, 2021 | Sept. 9, 2024 |
| AMC | Gen. John D. Lamontagne | Sept. 9, 2024 | Feb. 6, 2026 |
| AMC | Lt. Gen. Rebecca J. Sonkiss (interim) | Feb. 6, 2026 | — |
| Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) | |||
| PACAF | Gen. Laurence S. Kuter | July 1, 1957 | Aug. 1, 1959 |
| PACAF | Gen. Emmett O’Donnell Jr. | Aug. 1, 1959 | Aug. 1, 1963 |
| PACAF | Gen. Jacob E. Smart | Aug. 1, 1963 | Aug. 1, 1964 |
| PACAF | Gen. Hunter Harris Jr. | Aug. 1, 1964 | Feb. 1, 1967 |
| PACAF | Gen. John D. Ryan | Feb. 1, 1967 | Aug. 1, 1968 |
| PACAF | Gen. Joseph J. Nazzaro | Aug. 1, 1968 | Aug. 1, 1971 |
| PACAF | Gen. Lucius D. Clay Jr. | Aug. 1, 1971 | Oct. 1, 1973 |
| PACAF | Gen. John W. Vogt Jr. | Oct. 1, 1973 | July 1, 1974 |
| PACAF | Gen. Louis L. Wilson Jr. | July 1, 1974 | June 3, 1977 |
| PACAF | Lt. Gen. James A. Hill | June 3, 1977 | June 15, 1978 |
| PACAF | Lt. Gen. James D. Hughes | June 15, 1978 | June 8, 1981 |
| PACAF | Lt. Gen. Arnold W. Braswell | June 8, 1981 | Oct. 8, 1983 |
| PACAF | Gen. Jerome F. O’Malley | Oct. 8, 1983 | Sept. 25, 1984 |
| PACAF | Gen. Robert W. Bazley | Sept. 25, 1984 | Dec. 16, 1986 |
| PACAF | Gen. Jack I. Gregory | Dec. 16, 1986 | July 22, 1988 |
| PACAF | Gen. Merrill A. McPeak | July 22, 1988 | Nov. 5, 1990 |
| PACAF | Lt. Gen. James B. Davis | Nov. 5, 1990 | Feb. 19, 1991 |
| PACAF | Gen. Jimmie V. Adams | Feb. 19, 1991 | Jan. 22, 1993 |
| PACAF | Gen. Robert L. Rutherford | Jan. 22, 1993 | Oct. 12, 1994 |
| PACAF | Gen. John G. Lorber | Oct. 12, 1994 | July 7, 1997 |
| PACAF | Gen. Richard B. Myers | July 7, 1997 | July 23, 1998 |
| PACAF | Gen. Patrick K. Gamble | July 23, 1998 | April 9, 2001 |
| PACAF | Lt. Gen. Lansford E. Trapp (acting) | April 9, 2001 | May 4, 2001 |
| PACAF | Gen. William J. Begert | May 4, 2001 | July 2, 2004 |
| PACAF | Gen. Paul V. Hester | July 2, 2004 | Nov. 30, 2007 |
| PACAF | Gen. Carrol H. Chandler | Nov. 30, 2007 | Aug. 19, 2009 |
| PACAF | Gen. Gary L. North | Aug. 19, 2009 | Aug. 3, 2012 |
| PACAF | Gen. Herbert J. Carlisle | Aug. 3, 2012 | Oct. 16, 2014 |
| PACAF | Gen. Lori J. Robinson | Oct. 16, 2014 | May 11, 2016 |
| PACAF | Lt. Gen. Russell J. Handy (acting) | May 11, 2016 | July 12, 2016 |
| PACAF | Gen. Terrence J. O’Shaughnessy | July 12, 2016 | May 20, 2018 |
| PACAF | Lt. Gen. Jerry P. Martinez (acting) | May 20, 2018 | July 26, 2018 |
| PACAF | Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr. | July 26, 2018 | July 8, 2020 |
| PACAF | Gen. Kenneth S. Wilsbach | July 8, 2020 | Feb. 9, 2024 |
| PACAF | Gen. Kevin B. Schneider | Feb. 9, 2024 | — |
| Air National Guard | |||
| ANG | Col. William A. R. Robertson | Nov. 28, 1945 | October 1948 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. George G. Finch | October 1948 | Sept. 25, 1950 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks | Oct. 13, 1950 | Jan. 4, 1954 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. Winston P. Wilson | Jan. 26, 1954 | Aug. 5, 1962 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. I. G. Brown | Aug. 6, 1962 | April 19, 1974 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. John J. Pesch | April 20, 1974 | Jan. 31, 1977 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. John T. Guice | Feb. 1, 1977 | April 1, 1981 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. John B. Conaway | April 1, 1981 | Nov. 1, 1988 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey | Nov. 1, 1988 | Jan. 28, 1994 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd | Jan. 28, 1994 | Jan. 28, 1998 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver Jr. | Jan. 28, 1998 | Dec. 3, 2001 |
| ANG | Brig. Gen. David Brubaker (acting) | Dec. 3, 2001 | June 3, 2002 |
| ANG | Lt. Gen. Daniel James III | June 3, 2002 | May 20, 2006 |
| ANG | Lt. Gen. Craig R. McKinley | May 20, 2006 | Nov. 17, 2008 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. Emmett Titshaw (acting) | Nov. 17, 2008 | Feb. 2, 2009 |
| ANG | Lt. Gen. Harry M. Wyatt III | Feb. 2, 2009 | March 22, 2013 |
| ANG | Lt. Gen. Stanley E. Clarke III | March 22, 2013 | Dec. 18, 2015 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. Brian G. Neal (acting) | Dec. 18, 2015 | May 10, 2016 |
| ANG | Lt. Gen. L. Scott Rice | May 10, 2016 | July 28, 2020 |
| ANG | Lt. Gen. Michael A. Loh | July 28, 2020 | June 7, 2024 |
| ANG | Maj. Gen. Duke A. Pirak (acting) | June 7, 2024 | — |
| Position | Name | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| Secretary of Defense | |||
| SecDef | James V. Forrestal | Sept. 17, 1947 | March 28, 1949 |
| SecDef | Louis A. Johnson | March 28, 1949 | Sept. 19, 1950 |
| SecDef | George C. Marshall | Sept. 21, 1950 | Sept. 12, 1951 |
| SecDef | Robert A. Lovett | Sept. 17, 1951 | Jan. 20, 1953 |
| SecDef | Charles E. Wilson | Jan. 28, 1953 | Oct. 8, 1957 |
| SecDef | Neil H. McElroy | Oct. 9, 1957 | Dec. 1, 1959 |
| SecDef | Thomas S. Gates | Dec. 2, 1959 | Jan. 20, 1961 |
| SecDef | Robert S. McNamara | Jan. 21, 1961 | Feb. 29, 1968 |
| SecDef | Clark M. Clifford | March 1, 1968 | Jan. 20, 1969 |
| SecDef | Melvin R. Laird | Jan. 22, 1969 | Jan. 29, 1973 |
| SecDef | Elliot L. Richardson | Jan. 30, 1973 | May 24, 1973 |
| SecDef | James R. Schlesinger | July 2, 1973 | Nov. 19, 1975 |
| SecDef | Donald H. Rumsfeld | Nov. 20, 1975 | Jan. 20, 1977 |
| SecDef | Harold Brown | Jan. 21, 1977 | Jan. 20, 1981 |
| SecDef | Caspar W. Weinberger | Jan. 21, 1981 | Nov. 23, 1987 |
| SecDef | Frank C. Carlucci | Nov. 23, 1987 | Jan. 20, 1989 |
| SecDef | Richard B. Cheney | March 21, 1989 | Jan. 20, 1993 |
| SecDef | Les Aspin | Jan. 21, 1993 | Feb. 3, 1994 |
| SecDef | William J. Perry | Feb. 3, 1994 | Jan. 23, 1997 |
| SecDef | William S. Cohen | Jan. 24, 1997 | Jan. 20, 2001 |
| SecDef | Donald H. Rumsfeld | Jan. 20, 2001 | Dec. 18, 2006 |
| SecDef | Robert M. Gates | Dec. 18, 2006 | July 1, 2011 |
| SecDef | Leon E. Panetta | July 1, 2011 | Feb. 27, 2013 |
| SecDef | Chuck Hagel | Feb. 27, 2013 | Feb. 17, 2015 |
| SecDef | Ashton B. Carter | Feb. 17, 2015 | Jan. 19, 2017 |
| SecDef | James N. Mattis | Jan. 20, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 |
| SecDef | Patrick M. Shanahan (acting) | Jan. 1, 2019 | June 24, 2019 |
| SecDef | Mark T. Esper | July 23, 2019 | Nov. 9, 2020 |
| SecDef | Lloyd J. Austin III | Jan. 22, 2021 | Jan. 20, 2025 |
| SecDef | Pete Hegseth | Jan. 25, 2025 | — |
| Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | |||
| CJCS | Gen. of the Army Omar N. Bradley, USA | Aug. 16, 1949 | Aug. 15, 1953 |
| CJCS | Adm. Arthur W. Radford, USN | Aug. 15, 1953 | Aug. 15, 1957 |
| CJCS | Gen. Nathan F. Twining, USAF | Aug. 15, 1957 | Sept. 30, 1960 |
| CJCS | Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, USA | Oct. 1, 1960 | Sept. 30, 1962 |
| CJCS | Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, USA | Oct. 1, 1962 | July 1, 1964 |
| CJCS | Gen. Earle G. Wheeler, USA | July 3, 1964 | July 2, 1970 |
| CJCS | Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, USN | July 2, 1970 | July 1, 1974 |
| CJCS | Gen. George S. Brown, USAF | July 1, 1974 | June 20, 1978 |
| CJCS | Gen. David C. Jones, USAF | June 21, 1978 | June 18, 1982 |
| CJCS | Gen. John W. Vessey Jr., USA | June 18, 1982 | Sept. 30, 1985 |
| CJCS | Adm. William J. Crowe Jr., USN | Oct. 1, 1985 | Sept. 30, 1989 |
| CJCS | Gen. Colin L. Powell, USA | Oct. 1, 1989 | Sept. 30, 1993 |
| CJCS | Adm. David Jeremiah, USN (acting) | Oct. 1, 1993 | Oct. 24, 1993 |
| CJCS | Gen. John M. Shalikashvili, USA | Oct. 25, 1993 | Sept. 30, 1997 |
| CJCS | Gen. Henry H. Shelton, USA | Oct. 1, 1997 | Oct. 1, 2001 |
| CJCS | Gen. Richard B. Myers, USAF | Oct. 1, 2001 | Sept. 30, 2005 |
| CJCS | Gen. Peter Pace, USMC | Sept. 30, 2005 | Oct. 1, 2007 |
| CJCS | Adm. Michael G. Mullen, USN | Oct. 1, 2007 | Sept. 30, 2011 |
| CJCS | Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, USA | Sept. 30, 2011 | Sept. 25, 2015 |
| CJCS | Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., USMC | Sept. 25, 2015 | Sept. 30, 2019 |
| CJCS | Gen. Mark A. Milley, USA | Oct. 1, 2019 | Sept. 30, 2023 |
| CJCS | Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr., USAF | Oct. 1, 2023 | Feb. 21, 2025 |
| CJCS | Adm. Christopher W. Grady, USN (acting) | Feb. 21, 2025 | April 11, 2025 |
| CJCS | Gen. John D. Caine, USAF | April 11, 2025 | — |
| Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | |||
| VCJCS | Gen. Robert T. Herres, USAF | Feb. 6, 1987 | Feb. 28, 1990 |
| VCJCS | Adm. David E. Jeremiah, USN | March 1, 1990 | Feb. 28, 1994 |
| VCJCS | Adm. William A. Owens, USN | March 1, 1994 | Feb. 27, 1996 |
| VCJCS | Gen. Joseph W. Ralston, USAF | March 1, 1996 | Feb. 29, 2000 |
| VCJCS | Gen. Richard B. Myers, USAF | March 1, 2000 | Oct. 1, 2001 |
| VCJCS | Gen. Peter Pace, USMC | Oct. 1, 2001 | Aug. 12, 2005 |
| VCJCS | Adm. Edmund Giambastiani Jr., USN | Aug. 12, 2005 | Aug. 3, 2007 |
| VCJCS | Gen. James E. Cartwright, USMC | Aug. 4, 2007 | Aug. 4, 2011 |
| VCJCS | Adm. James A. Winnefeld Jr., USN | Aug. 4, 2011 | July 31, 2015 |
| VCJCS | Gen. Paul J. Selva, USAF | July 31, 2015 | Nov. 21, 2019 |
| VCJCS | Gen. John E. Hyten, USAF | Nov. 21, 2019 | Nov. 19, 2021 |
| VCJCS | Adm. Christopher W. Grady, USN | Dec. 20, 2021 | Sept. 30, 2025 |
| VCJCS | Gen. Christopher J. Mahoney, USMC | Oct. 1, 2025 | — |
This section presents the leaders of DOD’s Unified Commands, the National Guard Bureau, and NORAD under the current designation. Leaders of historic DOD commands (and of active commands’ previous designations) are listed online.
| Command | Commander | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. Africa Command | |||
| USAFRICOM | Gen. William E. Ward, USA | Oct. 1, 2008 | March 9, 2011 |
| USAFRICOM | Gen. Carter F. Ham, USA | March 9, 2011 | April 5, 2013 |
| USAFRICOM | Gen. David M. Rodriguez, USA | April 5, 2013 | July 18, 2016 |
| USAFRICOM | Gen. Thomas D. Waldhauser, USMC | July 18, 2016 | July 26, 2019 |
| USAFRICOM | Gen. Stephen J. Townsend, USA | July 26, 2019 | Aug. 9, 2022 |
| USAFRICOM | Gen. Michael Langley, USMC | Aug. 9, 2022 | Aug. 15, 2025 |
| USAFRICOM | Gen. Dagvin R.M. Anderson, USAF | Aug. 15, 2025 | — |
| U.S. Central Command | |||
| USCENTCOM | Gen. Robert C. Kingston, USA | Jan. 1, 1983 | Nov. 27, 1985 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. George B. Crist, USMC | Nov. 27, 1985 | Nov. 23, 1988 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA | Nov. 23, 1988 | Aug. 9, 1991 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. Joseph P. Hoar, USMC | Aug. 9, 1991 | Aug. 5, 1994 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. J. H. Binford Peay III, USA | Aug. 5, 1994 | Aug. 13, 1997 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. Anthony C. Zinni, USMC | Aug. 13, 1997 | July 6, 2000 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. Tommy R. Franks, USA | July 6, 2000 | July 7, 2003 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. John P. Abizaid, USA | July 7, 2003 | March 16, 2007 |
| USCENTCOM | Adm. William J. Fallon, USN | March 16, 2007 | March 31, 2008 |
| USCENTCOM | Lt. Gen. Martin Dempsey, USA (acting) | March 31, 2008 | Oct. 31, 2008 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. David H. Petraeus, USA | Oct. 31, 2008 | June 30, 2010 |
| USCENTCOM | Lt. Gen. John R. Allen, USMC (acting) | June 30, 2010 | Aug. 11, 2010 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. James N. Mattis, USMC | Aug. 11, 2010 | March 22, 2013 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. Lloyd J. Austin III, USA | March 22, 2013 | March 30, 2016 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. Joseph L. Votel, USA | March 30, 2016 | March 28, 2019 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr., USMC | March 28, 2019 | April 1, 2022 |
| USCENTCOM | Gen. Michael E. Kurilla, USA | April 1, 2022 | April 8, 2025 |
| USCENTCOM | Adm. Brad Cooper, USN | April 8, 2025 | — |
| U.S. European Command | |||
| USEUCOM | Gen. Lauris Norstad, USAF | Nov. 20, 1956 | Nov. 1, 1962 |
| USEUCOM | Gen. Joseph W. Ralston, USAF | May 2, 2000 | Jan. 16, 2003 |
| USEUCOM | Gen. Philip M. Breedlove, USAF | May 10, 2013 | May 3, 2016 |
| USEUCOM | Gen. Tod D. Wolters, USAF | May 3, 2019 | July 1, 2022 |
| USEUCOM | Gen. Christopher G. Cavoli, USA | July 1, 2022 | July 1, 2025 |
| USEUCOM | Gen. Alexus G. Grynkewich, USAF | July 1, 2025 | — |
| U.S. Northern Command | |||
| USNORTHCOM | Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart, USAF | Oct. 1, 2002 | Nov. 5, 2004 |
| USNORTHCOM | Gen. Victor E. Renuart Jr., USAF | March 23, 2007 | May 19, 2010 |
| USNORTHCOM | Gen. Lori J. Robinson, USAF | May 13, 2016 | May 24, 2018 |
| USNORTHCOM | Gen. Glen D. VanHerck, USAF | Aug. 20, 2020 | Feb. 5, 2024 |
| USNORTHCOM | Gen. Gregory M. Guillot | Feb. 5, 2024 | — |
| U.S. Southern Command | |||
| USSOUTHCOM | Gen. Douglas M. Fraser, USAF | June 25, 2009 | Nov. 19, 2012 |
| USSOUTHCOM | Lt. Gen. Evan L. Pettus, USAF (acting) | Dec. 12, 2025 | Feb. 5, 2026 |
| USSOUTHCOM | Gen. Francis L. Donovan, USMC | Feb. 5, 2026 | — |
| U.S. Special Operations Command | |||
| USSOCOM | Gen. Charles R. Holland, USAF | Oct. 27, 2000 | Sept. 2, 2003 |
| USSOCOM | Gen. Bryan P. Fenton, USA | Aug. 30, 2022 | Oct. 3, 2025 |
| USSOCOM | Adm. Frank M. Bradley, USN | Oct. 3, 2025 | — |
| U.S. Strategic Command | |||
| USSTRATCOM | Gen. George L. Butler, USAF | June 1, 1992 | Feb. 13, 1994 |
| USSTRATCOM | Gen. Eugene E. Habiger, USAF | Feb. 22, 1996 | June 25, 1998 |
| USSTRATCOM | Gen. Kevin P. Chilton, USAF | Oct. 3, 2007 | Jan. 28, 2011 |
| USSTRATCOM | Gen. Robert Kehler, USAF | Jan. 28, 2011 | Nov. 15, 2013 |
| USSTRATCOM | Gen. John E. Hyten, USAF | Nov. 3, 2016 | Nov. 18, 2019 |
| USSTRATCOM | Gen. Anthony J. Cotton, USAF | Dec. 9, 2022 | Dec. 5, 2025 |
| USSTRATCOM | Adm. Richard A. Correll, USN | Dec. 5, 2025 | — |
| U.S. Transportation Command | |||
| USTRANSCOM | Gen. Duane H. Cassidy, USAF | July 1, 1987 | Sept. 21, 1989 |
| USTRANSCOM | Gen. Ronald R. Fogleman, USAF | Aug. 25, 1992 | Oct. 17, 1994 |
| USTRANSCOM | Gen. Duncan J. McNabb, USAF | Sept. 5, 2008 | Oct. 14, 2011 |
| USTRANSCOM | Gen. Paul J. Selva, USAF | May 5, 2014 | July 31, 2015 |
| USTRANSCOM | Gen. Darren W. McDew, USAF | Aug. 26, 2015 | Aug. 24, 2018 |
| USTRANSCOM | Gen. Jaqueline D. Van Ovost | Oct. 15, 2021 | Oct. 4, 2024 |
| USTRANSCOM | Gen. Randall Reed, USAF | Oct. 4, 2024 | — |
| National Guard Bureau | |||
| NGB | Gen. Craig R. McKinley, USAF | Nov. 17, 2008 | Sept. 7, 2012 |
| NGB | Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel, USAF | Aug. 3, 2016 | Aug. 3, 2020 |
| NGB | Gen. Daniel R. Hokanson, USA | Aug. 3, 2020 | Aug. 2, 2024 |
| NGB | Gen. Steven S. Nordhaus, USAF | Oct. 15, 2024 | — |
| North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) | |||
| NORAD | Gen. Earle E. Partridge, USAF | Sept. 12, 1957 | July 30, 1959 |
| NORAD | Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart, USAF | Feb. 22, 2000 | Nov. 5, 2004 |
| NORAD | Gen. Victor E. Renuart Jr., USAF | March 23, 2007 | May 19, 2010 |
| NORAD | Gen. Lori J. Robinson, USAF | May 13, 2016 | May 24, 2018 |
| NORAD | Gen. Terrance J. O’Shaughnessy, USAF | May 24, 2018 | Aug. 20, 2020 |
| NORAD | Gen. Glen D. VanHerck, USAF | Aug. 20, 2020 | Feb. 5, 2024 |
| NORAD | Gen. Gregory Guillot, USAF | Feb. 5, 2024 | — |
| U.S. Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA) | |||
| USAFE | Gen. Lauris Norstad, USAF | Nov. 20, 1956 | Nov. 1, 1962 |
| USAFE | Gen. James B. Hecker | June 27, 2022 | May 3, 2025 |
| USAFE | *Lt. Gen. Jason T. Hinds | Oct. 31, 2025 | — |
*Lt. Gen. Jason Hinds served as acting commander from May 3 to Oct. 31, 2025.
* Acting/interim periods noted. USAF officers highlighted with USAF badge where branch shown in source. Current incumbents in bold. Source: Air & Space Forces Almanac 2026, pp. 82–89.
Source: Air & Space Forces Almanac 2026 — Air Force Leaders, pp. 82–89